Kev tshawb nrhiav cov xwm txheej ntawm kev tso ua ntej ntawm lithium roj teeb thiab lwm yam tswv yim patent rau cov roj ntsha lithium ntxiv hauv Suav teb

Thaum thawj zaug them ntawm lub roj teeb lithium-ion, cov organic electrolyte yuav ploj thiab txiav txim siab nyob rau saum npoo ntawm qhov tsis zoo electrode xws li graphite, tsim cov khoom hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom hluav taws xob theem interface (SEI) zaj duab xis, uas noj mus ntev ntawm ntau cov roj lithium los ntawm electrode zoo, ua rau Coulombic efficiency (ICE) sib txawv ntawm thawj phaum. Tsawg, txo lub peev xwm thiab lub zog ntom ntawm cov roj ntsha lithium-ion.

Cov khoom siv graphite muaj thawj zaug tsis muaj teeb meem ntawm lithium poob ntawm 5% mus rau 10%, thiab rau cov ntaub ntawv muaj peev xwm anode, thawj cov roj ntsha tsis muaj zog tseem muaj ntau dua (qhov tsis muaj peev xwm tsis muaj peev xwm ploj ntawm silicon txog 15% txog 35%). Txhawm rau daws qhov teeb meem no, tib neeg tau kawm txog prelithiation technology. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau them rov qab nrog lithium los ntawm prelithiation kom tshem tawm cov teeb meem tsis haum lithium uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsim ntawm SEI zaj duab xis, yog li ua kom muaj peev xwm tag nrho thiab lub zog ntawm lub roj teeb.

FIRSTEK piav txog cov kev tshawb nrhiav kev vam meej ntawm kev siv tshuab ua ntej cov roj ntsha hauv xyoo tsis ntev los no los ntawm ob qhov kev qhia ntawm lithium ntxiv rau ntawm qhov tsis zoo electrode thiab lithium ntxiv ntawm qhov tsis zoo electrode.

Anode lithium ntxiv kev thev naus laus zis

Cov qauv ua ntej siv roj ntsha yog qhov tsis zoo electrode lithium ntxiv, xws li lithium foil supplementation, lithium hmoov ntxiv, thiab lwm yam, uas tam sim no yog cov kev txhim kho tseem ceeb ua ntej cov roj ntsha. Tsis tas li ntawd, tseem muaj cov thev naus laus zis rau kev kho mob ua ntej siv lithium silicide hmoov thiab electrolytic lithium ntsev aqueous tov.

1. Cov ntawv thov lithium tau ntxiv cov roj ntsha lithium

Lithium foil replenishment yog cov thev naus laus zis uas siv cov tshuab tawm ntawm tus kheej rov los ua haujlwm rau lithium. Qhov peev xwm ntawm cov hlau ua kua hlau yog -3.05V (vs. SHE, cov qauv hluav taws xob hydrogen electrode), uas yog qis tshaj plaws ntawm txhua cov khoom siv electrode. Vim tias muaj qhov tshwm sim muaj qhov sib txawv, thaum cov khoom siv tsis zoo electrode nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov ntawv xov hlau, cov hluav taws xob tau hloov mus rau qhov hluav taws xob tsis zoo, nrog cov ntxig hluav taws xob ntawm Li + hauv qhov tsis zoo electrode.

N. Liu li al. dripped electrolyte rau ntawm qhov tsis zoo electrode ntawm silicon nanowires (SiNWs) zus rau ntawm daim hlau tsis xeb hlau, thiab tom qab ntawd ncaj qha mus rau cov roj ntsha lithium kom rov ntxiv cov roj ntsha. Ib nrab-ntawm tes ntsuas tau ua rau ntawm qhov tsis zoo electrode tom qab lithium ntxiv. Nws tau pom tias qhov qhib Circuit Court voltage (OCV) ntawm SiNWs yam tsis muaj kev ntxiv ntawm lithium yog 1.55V, thiab lub peev xwm tshwj xeeb ntawm cov roj ntsha lithium tso thaum thawj 0.1 C paug tawm ntawm 0.01 ～ 1.00 V yog 3800 mAh / g; tom qab lithium ntxiv OCV ntawm SiNWs yog 0.25 V, thiab qhov muaj peev xwm tshwj xeeb ntawm cov roj ntsha lithium tso rau thawj zaug yog 1600mAh / g. Kev hloov ntawm OCV thiab kev muaj peev xwm tshwj xeeb ntawm cov roj ntsha lithium intercalation qhia tau tias tom qab kev rov ua tiav ntawm cov roj ntsha lithium, Si tau muaj qee yam nrog Li.

J. Hassoun li al. ncaj qha hu rau lub tin-carbon (Sn-C) tsis zoo electrode nrog lub lithium ntawv ci ntub rau hauv cov electrolyte rau 180 feeb kom ntxiv cov roj ntsha lithium. Kev sim nrog ib nrab-ntawm tes ntawm 80 mA / g hauv 0.01 ~ 2. 00V, qhov tsis paub tseeb lub peev xwm ntawm Sn-C tom qab ua tiav lithium yog txo los ntawm 680 mAh / g (63%) rau 65 mAh / g (14%). Cov hluav taws xob tsis zoo thiab LiNi0. 45Co0. 1Mn1. 45O4 ua lub roj teeb puv ntoob, thiab ICE raug ntsuas ntawm tus nqi ntawm 1. 0 C ntawm 3.1 rau 4.8 V yog ze rau 100%, thiab lub voj voog ruaj khov, thiab qhov ntsuas tau zoo yog qhov zoo; 5.0 C Lub peev xwm tshwj xeeb paug nce mus txog 110 mAh / g, uas tsuas yog 14% qis dua qhov ua paug tawm ntawm 0.2 C.

Txawm hais tias qhov tsis zoo hluav taws xob tuaj yeem kho ua ntej hauv kev sib txuas ncaj qha nrog cov ntawv sau lithium, cov qib ntawm kev tso ua ntej tsis yooj yim los tswj qhov tseeb. Cov roj ntsha tsis txaus yuav tsis muaj peev xwm txhim kho ICE tsis txaus; thiab ntau cov roj ntsha lithium ntxiv tuaj yeem tsim cov hlau lithium plating txheej saum nplaim hluav taws xob tsis zoo.

HJ Kim li al. siv sab nraud luv luv Circuit Court mus ntxiv lithium ntawm cov silicon oxide tsis zoo electrode (c-SiOx) los ntawm cov roj ntsha lithium. Qhov kev sib piv sib piv qhia tau tias thaum qhov kev tawm tsam nyob rau hauv sab nraud luv luv Circuit Court yog 100 Ω thiab lub sijhawm luv luv Circuit Court yog 30 feeb, ICE tuaj yeem ua kom tiav. Kev ntsuam xyuas ib nrab-ntawm c-SiOx ua ntej thiab tom qab lithium tau ntxiv kom tiav, thiab thawj 5 cov voj voog ntawm 0.07 C ntawm 0.01 ~ 1.50 V, lub coulombic efficiency ntawm cov electrode ua ntej lithium ntxiv yog 73.6% thiab 94.7. %, 96.6%, 97.5% thiab 98.0%; Lub coulombic efficiency ntawm cov electrode tom qab lithium ntxiv yog 94.9%, 95.7%, 97.2%, 97.9% thiab 98.3%. Lub roj teeb puv nkaus muaj cov c-SiOx thiab LiNi0. 8 Co0. 15 Al0. 05 O2, kuaj ntawm 2.5 ~ 4.2 V nrog lub zog tam sim no ntawm 10 mA / g, thiab cov roj teeb uas muaj peev xwm tshwj xeeb ntawm lub roj teeb tom qab txuas ntxiv lithium tau hloov los ntawm qhov ntawd ua ntej rov ua lithium. 106. 33 mAh / g nce ntxiv rau 165.09mAh / g, ICE nce ntawm 58. 85% txog 85. 34%.

ZY Cao thiab lwm tus tau txhim kho kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov roj ntsha lithium ntxiv nrog lithium ntawv ci. Cov khoom siv nquag tsim khoom / polymer / lithium hlau peb txheej txheej tsis zoo electrode tuaj yeem ruaj khov nyob rau hauv huab cua puag ncig (txheeb ze cov av noo 10% -30%) rau 30-60 feeb, Txaus hluav taws xob tsis zoo rau kev ua. Cov txheej txheem peb-txheej yog: cov hlau lithium txheej electrochemically tso rau ntawm cov ntawv ci tooj liab, lithium txheej tau coated nrog polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) txheej tiv thaiv thiab ib txheej khoom tawg. Hloov cov tuab ntawm lithium txheej tuaj yeem tswj hwm qhov ntsuas ntawm cov roj ntsha lithium. Tom qab electrolyte tau txhaj rau hauv lub roj teeb kom yaj lub PMMA, lithium txheej thiab cov khoom siv nquag tau nyob rau hauv kev sib txuas lus ncaj qha mus ua kom tiav qhov prelithiation. Kev ntsuas nrog 0.1C ntawm 0.01 ～ 1. 00 V, siv graphite nrog peb-txheej qauv kom rov ntim cov roj ntsha lithium, ICE nce ntawm 92.0% mus rau 99.7%; tom qab cov ntshiab silicon tsis zoo electrode tau recharged nrog lithium, thawj qhov them thiab tawm yuav luag Tsis muaj qhov poob ntawm lub peev xwm. Txawm hais tias siv cov ntawv lithium rau lithium ntxiv tau qhov txiaj ntsig zoo, cov txheej txheem lithium ntxiv rau kev ua tiav yuav tsum tau ua tiav cov roj teeb ib ntus lossis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab nws nyuaj rau kev teeb tsa.

2. Stabilized lithium hlau hmoov (SLMP)

Lithium hmoov ntxiv lithium tau npaj siab los ntawm Formica. Tus qauv SLMP tau muaj qhov tshwj xeeb muaj peev xwm ntawm 3600 mAh / g, thiab saum npoo yog them nrog txheej nyias ntawm 2% mus rau 5% lithium carbonate (Li2CO3), uas tuaj yeem siv hauv qhov chaw qhuav. Muaj ob txoj hauv kev los thov SLMP rau qhov prelithiation ntawm qhov tsis zoo electrode: ntxiv nws thaum lub sijhawm sib xyaw lossis ncaj qha ntxiv nws nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov electrode tsis zoo.

Cov pa hluav taws xob tsis zoo hluav taws xob ua ke siv cov tshuaj polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) / methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) lossis styrene butadiene roj hmab (SBR) + carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) / deionized dej system, tab sis SLMP tsis sib xws nrog cov kuab tshuaj tiv thaiv polar. sib haum thiab tuaj yeem tsuas tau tawg rau hauv cov kuab tshuaj tsis-ncov qaumteb qabteb xws li hexane thiab toluene, yog li nws tsis tuaj yeem txuas ncaj qha rau hauv cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua ke. L. Wang li al. siv SBR-PVDF / toluene system kom ncaj qha sib xyaw SLMP hauv graphite electrode slurry. Ua ntej, graphite thiab PVDF tau sib xyaw rau hauv NMP kuab thiab ziab kom tsim cov PVDF-coated graphite; tom qab ntawd SLMP, PVDF-coated graphite thiab conductive carbon dub yog sib xyaw rau hauv toluene; thaum kawg, SBR ntxiv. Tom qab ua ntej lub roj hluav taws xob ntawm qhov tsis zoo electrode los ntawm SLMP, nyob rau cov xwm txheej ntawm 0.01 txog 1. 00 V thiab 0.05 C, lub roj teeb ICE tau nce los ntawm 90. 6% mus rau 96.2%.

Piv nrog rau kev ntxiv nws thaum ua cov txheej txheem sib tov, nws yooj yim dua los thauj SLMP ncaj qha rau ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws xob tsis zoo. MW Forney li al. siv SLMP los kho ua ntej ntawm cov roj silicon (Si) -carbon nanotube (CNT) tsis zoo electrode, thiab nqis SLMP / toluene tov nrog huab hwm coj feem ntau ntawm 3% nyob rau saum npoo ntawm Si-CNT tsis zoo electrode. Zaj duab xis, qhib. Tom qab prelithiation, thawj zaug tsis muaj peev xwm lub peev xwm ntawm qhov tsis zoo electrode raug txo qis 20% mus rau 40%.

G. Ai li al. dispersed SLMP nyob hauv kev daws teeb meem xylene uas muaj 1% SBR / polystyrene ua kom ruaj khov SLMP slurry. Lub SLMP slurry yog coated rau saum npoo ntawm qhuav tsis zoo electrode kom paub cov prelithiation ntawm qhov tsis zoo electrode xws li graphite thiab SiO. Tom qab cov khoom siv ua ntej, graphite|Nickel-Cobalt-Manganese ternary cov khoom siv (NCM) cov roj teeb puv tau kuaj ntawm 0.1 C ntawm 3.0 ～ 4.2 V, thiab ICE tau nce los ntawm 82. 35% rau 87. 80%; SiO|NCM ICE ntawm lub roj teeb tag nrho tau nce los ntawm 56.78% tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau 88.12% tom qab pib ua haujlwm.

3. Lithium silicide hmoov

Piv nrog micron-qhov loj me SLMP, qhov loj me (100-200 nm) ntawm nano-lithium silicide hmoov (LixSi) yog me dua, uas zoo dua rau kev tawg nyob hauv qhov hluav taws xob tsis zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, LixSi twb tau nyob hauv ib qho kev nthuav dav, thiab lub ntim hloov thaum lub voj voog yuav tsis cuam tshuam rau cov qauv ntawm tag nrho cov electrode. Tam sim no, muaj qee qhov kev tshawb fawb ntawm LixSi lithium ntxiv rau cov tshuaj ntxiv, thiab tsuas yog J. Zhao li al. tau kawm txog kev txhim kho ntawm LixSi' s lithium ntxiv kev ua tau zoo thiab ruaj khov. Hauv qhov khoom cua argon, qhov kev hloov kho ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm silicon thiab cov hlau tsis muaj zog ntawm 200 ℃ yog siv los ua cov khoom siv LixSi coated nrog Li2O. Lub kaw lus ib nrab raug them thiab tawm ntawm 0.05 C ntawm 0.01 ～ 1.00 V. Tom qab 15% LixSi tau ntxiv, ICE ntawm silicon tsis zoo electrode tau nce los ntawm 76% mus rau 94%; cov mesophase carbon microspheres (MCMB) nrog 9% LixSi ntxiv) ICE nce ntawm 75% mus rau 99%; ICE ntawm graphite anode nrog 7% LixSi nce ntawm 87% mus rau 99%. Hauv cov roj teeb puv ntoob, ICE ntawm graphite|LiFePO4 roj teeb nrog 7% LixSi nce ntawm 77. 6% rau 90.8%, thiab nws muaj lub peev xwm siab dua nyob hauv kev kuaj tom ntej.

Cov synthesized LixSi muaj cov kev ua tau zoo hauv kev rov ua cov roj ntsha lithium, tab sis nws tsuas yog tuaj yeem muaj kev txheeb ze nyob hauv cov cua qhuav. Tom qab raug cov huab cua qhuav nrog lub lwg point ntawm -50 ℃ rau 5 hnub, lub peev xwm txo qis los ntawm 30% thiab tau ua tsis tiav ntawm huab cua puag ncig Txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho qhov kev ruaj khov ntawm LixSi, 1-fluorodecane tuaj yeem siv los txo cov ntu hauv qhov chaw los ua cov txheej tuab. Tom qab cov pleev xim LixSi tso rau hauv huab cua qhuav rau 5 hnub, yuav luag tsis muaj qhov pom zoo. Tom qab muab tso rau hauv huab cua nrog qhov txheeb ze ntawm 10% rau 6 teev, nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawm 0.01 txog 1. 00 V thiab 0.02 C, qhov feem tseem muaj peev xwm tseem ntau npaum li 1 604 mAh / g, thiab lub peev txheej tuav cia ncav cuag 77%. Ntxiv 5% rau graphite tsis zoo electrode rau kev rov ua haujlwm lithium. Hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm 0.005 txog 1.500 V thiab 0.05 C, ICE nce ntawm 87.0% mus rau 96.7%. Txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg ntawm LixSi, SiO thiab SiO2 tuaj yeem siv hloov Si ua cov ntaub ntawv nyoos mus coj los ua cov LixSi-Li2O cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw. Tom qab cov khoom tso tawm tau muab tso rau hauv cov huab cua nrog cov txheeb ze ntawm 40% rau 6 teev, qhov muaj peev xwm tshwj xeeb ntau npaum li 1 240 mAh / g raws li cov xwm txheej ntawm 0.01 txog 1. 00 V thiab 0.02 C. Lub LixSi-Li2O composite cov khoom siv sib tov los ntawm ob qho khoom siv raw txhua qhov qhia tau zoo tshaj plaws kev ua tiav lithium.

4. Electrolytic lithium ntsev aqueous tov rau lithium rov ntxiv

Txawm hais tias nws siv cov ntawv ci lithium, SLMP lossis lithium silicide hmoov los ntxiv cov roj ntsha lithium, nws cuam tshuam txog kev siv cov roj ntsha lithium. Lithium hlau yog kim, muaj cov haujlwm siab, thiab nws yog qhov nyuaj rau kev khiav lag luam. Cia thiab tsheb thauj mus los yuav tsum tau tus nqi siab rau kev tiv thaiv. Yog tias cov txheej txheem lithium ntxiv tsis cuam tshuam nrog cov xim hlau, nws tuaj yeem txuag nqi thiab txhim kho kev ua kom zoo dua qub. HT Zhou li al. replenish lithium rau silicon los ntawm electrolyzing Li2SO4 kua aqueous hauv ib qho xov hluav taws xob. Kev faus hluav taws xob yog tooj liab hlau txuas rau hauv Li2SO4. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rov qab ua lithium yog qhia hauv mis (1):

MnOx|Si tag nrho cov roj teeb tom qab electrolysis ntawm qhov tam sim no ntawm 1 A / g rau 4.2 h, cov roj ntsha lithium-ntxiv MnOx|Si roj teeb tau raug txheeb xyuas ntawm 0.5 ~ 3. 8 V, 0.5 C, 1.0 C, 2.0 C, 4 Cov peev xwm tshwj xeeb ntawm 0 C thiab 8. 0 C yog 160 mAh / g, 136 mAh / g, 122 mAh / g, 108 mAh / g thiab 92 mAh / g, feem.

Muaj Zoo Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob Lithium

Piv nrog rau cov teeb meem nyuaj thiab nkag siab tsis zoo electrode lithium ntxiv, qhov zoo electrode lithium ntxiv yog yooj yim dua. Kev siv hluav taws xob zoo ntawm cov roj ntsha lithium ntxiv yog ntxiv cov me me ntawm cov khoom muaj peev xwm loj thaum lub sij hawm ua cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw nrog cov electrode zoo. Thaum lub sijhawm them tus txheej txheem, Li + tshem tawm los ntawm cov khoom siv muaj peev xwm siab kom ntxiv qhov tsis muaj peev xwm tshem tawm thawj zaug them thiab tawm. Tam sim no, cov ntaub ntawv siv los ua qhov zoo electrode lithium ntxiv ntxiv rau qhov tseem ceeb muaj xws li: cov roj ntsha lithium-compound, nanocomposites raws li kev hloov pauv, thiab binary lithium tebchaw.

1. Cov nplua nuj lithium

G. Gabrielli li al. siv cov khoom siv lithium-nplua nuj Li1 + x Ni0. 5 Mn1. 5O4 them rov rau qhov tsis paub txog lub peev xwm poob ntawm Si-C | LiNi0. 5Mn1. 5O4 roj teeb tas nrho. Lub roj teeb nrog lub roj sib xyaw zoo muaj qhov cim tseg ntawm 75% ntawm 0.33 C ntawm 3. 00 rau 4.78 V rau 100 mus, thaum lub roj teeb nrog lub ntshiab LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4 zoo electrode tsuas yog 51%. Ntxiv rau, lub zog ceev ntawm Si-C | LiNi0. 5 Mn1. 5O4 roj teeb siv hluav taws xob sib xyaw zoo yog 25% siab dua qhov ntawm graphite | LiNi0. 5Mn1. 5O4 roj teeb.

Li2NiO2 kuj tseem siv tau los ua cov roj zoo electrode lithium ntxiv cov tshuaj ntxiv, tab sis nws cov huab cua nyob ruaj ntseg tsis zoo. MG Kim li al. siv aluminium isopropoxide los hloov kho Li2NiO2 thiab cov khoom siv Li2NiO2 uas ruaj khov nrog huab cua thiab coated nrog alumina, uas muaj cov nyhuv zoo tshaj ntawm kev rov ua cov roj ntsha lithium. Tsis Muaj LiCoO2|graphite puv roj teeb, ICE nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm 2.75 ～ 4.20V, 0.2 C yog 92%, thiab lub roj teeb nrog 4% Li2NiO2 ntxiv yuav luag tsis muaj peev xwm poob, thiab qhov ntsuas tus nqi tsis raug cuam tshuam los ntawm kev hloov dej cawv.

X. Su li al. ntxiv Li5FeO4 (LFO) rau LiCoO2 cov electrode zoo kom them nyiaj rau lub peev xwm poob ntawm cov roj carbon tsis zoo electrode thaum thawj them nyiaj. Kev ntsuas ib nrab-ntawm tes qhia: LiCoO2 cov electrode zoo nrog 7% LFO ntxiv ntawm 0.1 C. Lub peev xwm tshwj xeeb ntawm thawj tus nqi thiab tawm (2.75 ~ 4.30V) yog 233 mAh / g thiab 160 mAh / g feem, thiab lub peev xwm tsis paub txog rau 31%, uas yog txaus los them cov nqi roj carbon hnyav 22% thawj zaug tsis tuaj yeem ua rau lub peev xwm poob. Kev ntsuas roj teeb puv (2.75 ~ 4.30 V, 0.05 C) Cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia: LiCoO2 nrog 7% LFO ntxiv|Lub peev xwm thim rov qab ntawm cov roj carbon nyuaj tag nrho roj teeb tau nce 14%, lub zog ceev tau nce li 10%, thiab lub voj voog ua haujlwm tau zoo dua, qhov tshwj xeeb muaj peev xwm tuav tau cov roj teeb puv tom qab 50 cov voj voog tau nce los ntawm tsawg dua 90% mus rau ntau dua 95%. Rau LiCoO2 qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob zoo nrog LFO, cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw thiab txheej yuav tsum tau nqa tawm hauv qhov chaw ntxig ntxig, thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm LFO nyob hauv huab cua puag ncig xav tau kev txhim kho.

2. Nanocomposites raws li kev hloov pauv

Txawm hais tias lithium-nplua nuj tebchaw tau ua tiav qee qhov teebmeem vim tias lithium ntxiv cov roj ntsha, thawj cov roj ntsha lithium ntxiv cov kev txwv tseem muaj tsawg los ntawm kev muaj peev xwm qis dua. Nanocomposites raws li kev hloov pauv, vim lub txim loj / tawm hluav taws xob hysteresis, tuaj yeem pab nyiaj ntau ntawm cov roj ntsha lithium thaum thawj lub roj teeb, thaum lub sijhawm cov roj ntsha lithium tsis tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum cov txheej txheem tawm.

YM Sun li al. kawm txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm M / lithium oxide (Li2O), M / lithium fluoride (LiF), M / lithium sulfide (Li2S) (M=Co, Ni thiab Fe) raws li muaj cov roj ntsha lithium zoo ntxiv rau. M / Li2O yog cov hluavtaws sib xyaw ua ke los ntawm kev sib xyaw MxOy thiab molten lithium hauv ib qho chaw muaj pa. Cov khoom siv hluavtaws nano-Co / nano-Li2O (N-Co / N-Li2O) cov khoom siv sib xyaw yog cycled ntawm 4. 1 ～ 2. 5 V ntawm 50 mA / g, thawj them nqi tshwj xeeb muaj peev xwm nce mus txog 619 mAh / g, thiab kev tshem tawm lub peev xwm tsuas yog 10 mAh / g; Tom qab N-Co / NLi2O raug cov cua hauv huab cua nyob rau 8 teev, lub peev xwm tshwj xeeb ntawm kev txiav tawm tsuas yog 51 mAh / g qis dua tus nqi pib. Tom qab 2 hnub, qhov tshwj xeeb muaj peev xwm ntawm delithiation tseem 418 mAh / g. Nws qhia tau hais tias NCo / N-Li2O muaj qhov zoo ntawm ib puag ncig kev nyab xeeb thiab yog sib xws nrog cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntawm kev lag luam roj teeb. Zoo xws li N-Co / N-Li2O, N-Ni / N-Li2O thiab N-Fe / N-Li2O kuj muaj ntau dua qhov tshwj xeeb muaj peev xwm them nqi (506 mAh / g thiab 631 mAh / g, feem) thiab qhov tawm tsawg heev Cov tshwj xeeb muaj peev xwm (feem 11 mAh / g thiab 19 mAh / g), zoo tshaj plaws lithium ntxiv kev ua tau zoo.

LiF muaj cov roj ntsha lithium siab thiab ruaj ntseg zoo, thiab yog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv roj ntsha zoo lithium. M / LiF nanomaterials txua los ntawm kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem kov yeej cov teeb meem ntawm cov hluav taws xob tsawg LiF conductivity thiab ionic conductivity, siab electrochemical decomposition muaj peev xwm, thiab cov khoom ua rau puas tsuaj, ua rau LiF zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov roj electrode lithium ntxiv cov roj ntsha. LiF / Co muaj lub zog tshwj xeeb ntawm 520 mAh / g rau lithium tshem tawm ntawm 4.2 rau 2.5 V, thiab muaj peev xwm tshwj xeeb tsuas yog 4 mAh / g rau lithium kev tso tawm, qhia tau tias LiF / Co' 516 mAh / g. LiF / Fe muaj lub zog tshwj xeeb ntawm 532 mAh / g rau kev tshem tawm lithium thiab lub zog muaj peev xwm ntawm 26 mAh / g rau lithium ntxig ntawm 4. 3 txog 2.5 V, qhia tias LiF / Fe muaj lub zog lithium rov ua haujlwm ntawm 506 mAh / g Cov. Cov LiFePO4|Li ib nrab-ntawm tes nrog 4.8% LiF / Co ntxiv, thiab lub peev xwm tshwj xeeb ntawm thawj zaug them nrog 0.1 C ntawm 2.5 ~ 4.2 V mus txog 197 mAh / g, uas yog siab dua 164 mAh ntawm lub roj teeb uas tsis muaj LiF / Co / g nce 20.1%, qhov tshwj xeeb tawm paug muaj peev xwm zoo ib yam, thiab lub voj voog ruaj khov tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm kev quav dej quav cawv.

Qhov theoretical muaj peev xwm ntawm Li2S ncav cuag 1166 mAh / g, tab sis raws li cov roj ntsha lithium ntxiv ntxiv, tseem muaj ntau yam teeb meem uas yuav tsum tau daws, xws li kev sib raug zoo nrog electrolyte, rwb thaiv tsev, thiab kev tsis zoo ntawm ib puag ncig. Cov kev tshawb fawb pom tau tias kev qhia cov hlau rau Li2 S los tsim L2 S / M cov khoom siv sib xyaw tuaj yeem daws cov teeb meem no. Li2S / Co, uas yog kev sib txuas ntawm CoS2 thiab nws yog xim hlau Li, muaj lub zog ntawm cov roj ntsha lithium ntxiv ntawm 670 mAh / g. Qhov LFP electrode nrog 4.8% Li2 S / Co ntxiv, ntawm 2.5 txog 4.2 V, lub peev xwm tshwj xeeb ntawm thawj tus nqi nrog 0.1 C yog 204 mAh / g, uas yog 42 mAh / g siab dua li cov electrode tsis ntxiv g. Lub Li2 S / Fe synthesized los ntawm FeS2 thiab hlau Li muaj lub lithium rov ua haujlwm muaj peev xwm ntawm 480 mAh / g. Txawm hais tias lub zog lithium rov qab muaj peev xwm qis dua Li2 S / Co, cov khoom siv raw FeS2 yog cov khoom muaj nqis thiab tsis tshua muaj nqi, yog li Li2 S / Fe muaj kev lag luam zoo dua thov. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau cov roj ntsha lithium muaj ntau dua li cov roj ntsha muaj peev xwm ntxiv, nanocomposites raws li kev hloov pauv yuav tawm ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj zog, cov tshuaj fluoride thiab sulfides tom qab thawj zaug ua tiav ntawm lithium, txo lub zog lub zog ntawm cov roj teeb.

3. Binary lithium compound

Piv nrog lithium-nplua nuj oxides (txog 300 mAh / g) thiab kev hloov pauv cov khoom sib cuam tshuam (500-700 mAh / g), qhov theoretical muaj peev xwm ntawm binary lithium tebchaw muaj ntau dua. Theoretical muaj peev xwm tshwj xeeb ntawm Li2O2, Li2O thiab Li3N ncav cuag 1168 mAh / g, 1797 mAh / g thiab 2309 mAh / g feem, thiab tsuas yog qee qhov me me ntxiv kom ua tiav cov nyhuv lithium ntxiv kom zoo. Raws li kev xav, qhov seem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no tom qab ua tiav lithium yog O2, N2, thiab lwm yam, uas tuaj yeem sab sab thaum lub sijhawm tsim cov SEI zaj duab xis ntawm lub roj teeb.

K. Park li al. kev lag luam hauv av Li3N rau hauv cov hmoov uas muaj qhov loj me ntawm 1 txog 5 μm, uas yog siv los ua cov roj ntsha lithium ntxiv cov roj ntsha. Hauv qhov nruab nrab ntawm tes, nrog 1% thiab 2% Li3N LiCoO2 electrodes ntxiv, thawj them nyiaj tshwj xeeb muaj peev xwm nrog 0.1 C ntawm 3.0 rau 4.2 V yog 167.6 mAh / g thiab 178.4 mAh / g, purer LiCoO2 nce los ntawm 18. 0 mAh / g thiab 28.7 mAh / g. Tom qab ntxiv 2% Li3N, lub peev xwm tawm ntawm LiCoO2|SiOx / C @ Si roj teeb ntawm 0.5 C ntawm 1.75 txog 4. 15 V yog 11% siab dua lub roj teeb uas tsis muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Txhawm rau daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev coj ua ntawm kev sib xyaw electrode, Li3N muab tso rau saum nplaim hluav taws xob LiCoO2 electrode kom txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov electrode conductivity. Lub roj teeb tag nrho nrog 5% ntxiv tso rau saum npoo ntawm qhov zoo electrode muaj qhov paug tshwj xeeb ntawm 126.3 mAh / g, uas yog 14.6 mAh / g siab dua lub roj teeb uas tsis muaj cov tshuaj ntxiv, thiab qhov kev ntsuas tau zoo ib yam li kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev voj voog. Ntxiv rau, kev thauj khoom Li3N nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov hluav taws xob kom qhuav tuaj yeem zam qhov tsis sib xws ntawm Li3N nrog cov pa roj av (xws li methylpyrrolidone).

YJ Bie li al. kev lag luam sib xyaw ua lag luam Li2O2 nrog LiNi0. 33 Co0. 33 Mn0. 33 O2 (NCM) los them rau cov roj ploj lithium thaum thawj them nqi ntawm graphite tsis zoo electrode. Lub NCM hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob sib xyaw ua si muaj lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv nquag thiab catalyst. Txhawm rau kom muaj txiaj ntsig catalyze qhov kev txiav tawm ntawm Li2O2, 1% NCM-6 h (NCM tau txais los ntawm pob milling rau 6 h) tau ntxiv rau qhov hluav taws xob zoo. Graphite|NCM / NCM-6 h / 2% Li2O2 lub roj teeb puv ntoob thiab tawm ntawm 2.75 ～ 4.60 V, thiab thawj thim rov qab tshwj xeeb muaj peev xwm ntawm 0.1 C yog 207.1mAh / g, uas yog 7 siab dua graphite|NCM puv roj teeb 8%; 0.3 C reversible tshwj xeeb muaj peev xwm yog 165.4 mAh / g, uas yog 20. 5% siab dua graphite|NCM puv roj teeb. Cov kev sim tau pom tias cov pa tso tawm los ntawm kev txiav tawm ntawm Li2O2 yuav haus cov roj Li + hauv lub roj teeb puv, ua rau muaj peev xwm txo qis lub roj teeb puv nrog Li2O2, tab sis lub peev xwm rov qab tau tom qab lub roj pom txim. Kev them thawj lub roj teeb hauv kev tsim khoom tiag tiag yog nqa tawm hauv kev qhib qhov system. Cov roj av uas tsim los ntawm tsim ntawm SEI zaj duab xis thiab qee qhov kev tawm tsam yuav raug muab tshem tawm ua ntej sib khi, yog li cov cawv ntawm O2 tso tawm yuav raug txo kom tsawg.

A. Abouimrane li al. kawm cov nyhuv ntawm micron-qhov loj li Li2O ua qhov zoo electrode lithium ntxiv additive. 20% Li2O-ntxiv SiO-SnCoC|Li1. 2Ni0. 15Mn0. 55Co0. 1O2 roj teeb tag nrho, nrog 10 mA / g ntawm 2.0 ~ 4. 5 V voj voog, thawj zaug tawm hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb muaj peev xwm nce los ntawm 176 mAh / g txog 254 mAh / g. Cov kev sim tshuaj ntsuam pom tau tias cov khoom siv lithium-nplua nuj Li1. 2Ni0. 15Mn0. 55Co0. 1O2 ua si ob txoj haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv nquag thiab catalyst.